Monopoles, vortices and kinks in the framework of non-commutative geometry

Non-commutative differential geometry allows a scalar field to be regarded as a gauge connection, albeit on a discrete space. We explain how the underlying gauge principle corresponds to the independence of physics on the choice of vacuum state, should it be non-unique. A consequence is that Yang–Mills–Higgs theory can be reformulated as a generalised Yang– Mills gauge theory on Euclidean space with a Z2 internal structure. By extending the Hodge star operation to this non-commutative space, we are able to define the notion of self-duality of the gauge curvature form in arbitrary dimensions. It turns out that BPS monopoles, critically coupled vortices, and kinks are all self-dual solutions in their respective dimensions. We then prove, within this unified formalism, that static soliton solutions to the Yang–Mills–Higgs system exist only in one, two and three spatial dimensions.